Neutrino flavor oscillation · 3-flavor vacuum

A neutrino keeps changing what it is as it travels

Born as one flavor, a neutrino arrives somewhere else as a mix of all three. Set the beam below and watch the survival & appearance probabilities ripple with distance.

vacuum · matter effects not included
Starts as
Horizontal axis
P(→νe) P(→νμ) P(→ντ) Σ = 1

probabilities at the cursor

Mixing parameters
Mass ordering

Curves are exact three-flavor vacuum oscillation with the standard PMNS matrix. Defaults follow current global-fit central values (normal ordering). Vertical guides mark real baselines (JUNO 53 km, T2K 295 km, NOvA 810 km, DUNE 1300 km). Earth's diameter is ≈ 12,742 km, for scale on atmospheric neutrinos.