Publications

Journal articles & preprints

1. Mountain Muography for China Jinping Underground Laboratory (2026)

   X. Zhang, S. Chen, W. Dou, H. Fu, L. Guo, Z. Guo, X. Ji, J. Li, J. Li, B. Liang, Y. Liang, Q. Liu, W. Luo, M. Qi, W. Shao, H. Sun, J. Tang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, C. Wei, J. Weng, Y. Wu, B. Xu, C. Xu, T. Xu, T. Xue, H. Yang, Y. Yang, A. Zhang, B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, L. Zhao, Y. Zheng (JNE Collaboration).

   arXiv:2606.06029 [hep-ex], preprint.

   We report the first muon radiography (muography) at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (~2400 m depth) using the one-ton JNE prototype detector. Cosmic muons enable non-invasive density mapping of Jinping Mountain overburden over a 3 km lateral range with ~4.5° angular resolution. The reconstructed directional opacity map agrees excellently with satellite terrain models, demonstrating muography feasibility at extreme depths and providing validated muon flux predictions for CJPL-II halls.

   arXiv PDF

2. Investigating production of TeV-scale muons in extensive air showers at 2400 m underground (2025)

   X. Zhang, S. Chen, W. Dou, H. Fu, L. Guo, Z. Guo, X. Ji, J. Li, J. Li, B. Liang, Y. Liang, Q. Liu, W. Luo, M. Qi, W. Shao, H. Sun, J. Tang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, C. Wei, J. Weng, Y. Wu, B. Xu, C. Xu, T. Xu, T. Xue, H. Yang, Y. Yang, A. Zhang, B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, L. Zhao (JNE Collaboration).

   arXiv:2510.16341 [hep-ex], preprint.

   Using 1,338.6 live days of data from the one-ton prototype of the Jinping Neutrino Experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (2400 m depth), we measured the underground muon flux from extensive air showers. The results show a ~40% discrepancy at more than 5.5σ significance relative to leading hadronic interaction models, demonstrating the power of deep-lab experiments as a probe of cosmic-ray interactions.

   arXiv PDF

3. Study of neutron production for 360 GeV cosmic muons (2024)

   X. Zhang, J. Li, et al. (JNE Collaboration).

   Phys. Rev. D 110, 112017, 2024.

   Using 1,178 days of data from the one-ton JNE prototype, we updated the cosmic-ray muon-flux precision to 5% and measured the cosmogenic neutron yield in liquid scintillator at the highest average muon energy (360 GeV) available in the world, together with a first systematic discussion of measuring cosmogenic nuclides with small detectors.

   DOI PDF

4. Measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation amplitude and frequency via neutron capture on hydrogen at Daya Bay (2024)

   Daya Bay Collaboration.

   Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 151801, 2024.

   After eight years of dedicated analysis since 2016, we present the first joint rate-plus-spectrum analysis of the hydrogen-capture sample at Daya Bay. The measurement of \(\sin^2(2\theta_{13})\) and \(\Delta m^2_{32}/\Delta m^2_{ee}\) improves precision on \(\sin^2(2\theta_{13})\) by ~8% over the previous best result, and the analysis techniques developed here provide a reference for future experiments.

   DOI PDF

5. Performance of the 1-ton prototype neutrino detector at CJPL-I (2023)

   Y. Wu, J. Li, et al. (JNE Collaboration).

   Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 1054, 168400, 2023.

   The first comprehensive overview of the one-ton JNE prototype since its 2017 commissioning — covering PMT gain and time calibration, event reconstruction, data-quality checks, and physics analysis. The study established Bi-Po-cascade monitoring of radon leakage, motivated the installation of a nitrogen purge system to address oxygen quenching, and characterized radioactive contamination in the detector materials using natural decay signals.

   DOI PDF

Conference papers

1. Investigation of muon excess from initial hadronic interactions in cosmic air showers with a one-ton scintillator detector at CJPL (2025)

   X. Zhang, J. Li, et al. (JNE Collaboration).

   39th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2025), Geneva, Switzerland, 15–24 July 2025.

   Using 1,338.6 live days of one-ton JNE prototype data at 2400 m depth, we present the first study of the muon puzzle at this deep underground site. The observed flux is ~40% above post-LHC model expectations, providing new constraints for resolving the muon puzzle in cosmic air showers.

   DOI PDF

2. Latest oscillation results from Daya Bay (2024)

   J. Li (on behalf of the Daya Bay Collaboration).

   42nd International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2024), Prague, Czechia, 17–24 July 2024.

   DOI PDF

3. Latest oscillation results from Daya Bay (2023)

   J. Li (on behalf of the Daya Bay Collaboration).

   EPS-HEP 2023, Hamburg, Germany, 21–25 August 2023.

   DOI PDF

4. Daya Bay neutrino oscillation progress based on neutron capture on hydrogen (2020)

   J. Li (on behalf of the Daya Bay Collaboration).

   40th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2020), Prague, Czechia (online), 30 July – 5 August 2020.

   DOI PDF

More papers are available on INSPIRE-HEP.